Trasplante de microbiota fecal como tratamiento de la infección por Clostridioides difficile recidivante: a propósito de un caso / Fecal transplantation for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile recurrent infection

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Reemergencia de sarampión en la provincia de Guadalajara. ¿Es el momento de establecer nuevas estrategias para su eliminación? / Re-emergence of measles in the province of Guadalajara, Spain. Is it time to establish new strategies for its elimination?

INTRODUCCIÓN: El sarampión es una infección casi erradicada que en los últimos años está reemergiendo en España y en Europa. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características microbiológicas y clínico-epidemiológicas de un brote de sarampión ocurrido en la provincia de Guadalajara de junio a agosto de 2012. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se analizaron 117 muestras (suero, orina y exudado faríngeo) de 52 casos sospechosos de sarampión. RESULTADOS: Se confirmaron 50 casos de sarampión, 41 por laboratorio y 9 por vínculo epidemiológico, agrupados en 4 brotes comunitarios. No se observaron casos importados. La IgM y la PCR fueron positivas en 25 pacientes, solo PCR en 11 y solo IgM en 5. El genotipo fue D4 en 13/14 cepas y genotipo A en un caso posvacunal. Los grupos de edades más afectados fueron adultos entre 20 y 34 años (38%) y menores de 15 meses (26%). El 88% de pacientes no estaban vacunados (43% etnia gitana, 27% menores de 15 meses, 11% razones ideológicas), y el 6% había recibido una dosis. La clínica fue exantema y fiebre (100%), tos (82%) y conjuntivitis (50%). El 32% requirió hospitalización y el 28% presentó complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: Es de especial importancia intensificar la vigilancia epidemiológica en infecciones en fase de eliminación. El aumento de la incidencia de sarampión estuvo asociado a bolsas de no vacunados que representan un desafío para la salud pública, que deberá elaborar estrategias para conseguir una elevada cobertura vacunal y alcanzar la erradicación del sarampión

BACKGROUND: Measles is a viral infection that was almost eradicated, but it is re-emerging in Spain and Europe in recent years. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a measles outbreak that occurred in Guadalajara (Spain) from June to August 2012. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted. A total of 117 samples (including serum, urine and pharyngeal swabs) from 52 patients were analyzed for measles. RESULTS: Measles was diagnosed in 50 patients, 41 of them by microbiological diagnosis, and 9 by epidemiological link. The patients were grouped in four community outbreaks. No imported cases were observed. Positive IgM and positive CRP were detected in 25 patients, positive CRP only in 11 and positive IgM only in 5. The genotype D4 was identified in 13 patients and the genotype A in a post-vaccine case. The age groups most affected were adults between 20-34 years of age (38%) and younger than 15 months (26%). The large majority (86%) of patients were unvaccinated (44% Roma population, 27% younger than 15 months, 11% ideological reasons), 6% had one vaccine dose. The signs/symptoms were: rash and fever, 100%, cough, 82%, and conjunctivitis 50%. Almost one-third (32%) of patients were hospitalized, and 28% had complications. CONCLUSIONS: It is very important to intensify the epidemiological surveillance of infections in the elimination phase. The increased incidence of measles was associated to unvaccinated pockets, presenting a challenge for Public Health Centers. These agencies should prepare strategies to obtain a higher vaccine coverage for the eradication of measles

[Re-emergence of measles in the province of Guadalajara, Spain. Is it time to establish new strategies for its elimination?]. / Reemergencia de sarampión en la provincia de Guadalajara. ¿Es el momento de establecer nuevas estrategias para su eliminación?

BACKGROUND: Measles is a viral infection that was almost eradicated, but it is re-emerging in Spain and Europe in recent years. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a measles outbreak that occurred in Guadalajara (Spain) from June to August 2012. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted. A total of 117 samples (including serum, urine and pharyngeal swabs) from 52 patients were analyzed for measles. RESULTS: Measles was diagnosed in 50 patients, 41 of them by microbiological diagnosis, and 9 by epidemiological link. The patients were grouped in four community outbreaks. No imported cases were observed. Positive IgM and positive CRP were detected in 25 patients, positive CRP only in 11 and positive IgM only in 5. The genotype D4 was identified in 13 patients and the genotype A in a post-vaccine case. The age groups most affected were adults between 20-34 years of age (38%) and younger than 15 months (26%). The large majority (86%) of patients were unvaccinated (44% Roma population, 27% younger than 15 months, 11% ideological reasons), 6% had one vaccine dose. The signs/symptoms were: rash and fever, 100%, cough, 82%, and conjunctivitis 50%. Almost one-third (32%) of patients were hospitalized, and 28% had complications. CONCLUSIONS: It is very important to intensify the epidemiological surveillance of infections in the elimination phase. The increased incidence of measles was associated to unvaccinated pockets, presenting a challenge for Public Health Centers. These agencies should prepare strategies to obtain a higher vaccine coverage for the eradication of measles.